diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 47c3100..a5999a6 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -84,6 +84,15 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ### Fixed
 
+- A flow collection followed by a `: ` indicator on the same line is now parsed as an implicit block
+  mapping key, e.g. `[a, b]: value` or `{a: 1}: value`. The scanner looks ahead from the flow opener
+  to its matching close (skipping quoted scalars so their brackets and colons do not miscount) and,
+  when a same-line `:` follows, emits the implicit-key marker a scalar key would get, so the flow
+  node is parsed as the key through the ordinary mapping path. A block implicit key must lie on one
+  line, so a flow collection spanning a line break before its `:` (`[23 / ]: 42`) stays an error, and
+  a flow node that no `:` follows, or that is a mapping value, is unaffected. Raises yaml-test-suite
+  parse-level conformance to 294/333 (88.3%) with no change to the should-error rejection rate.
+
 - A block scalar that is the document's own root node now folds or keeps content that begins at
   column 0, e.g. `>` or `--- |` followed by unindented lines. The document node's indentation is -1,
   so its content at column 0 is still more indented than its parent, but the scanner read the base
diff --git a/Sources/Parsing/Scanner.FlowKey.swift b/Sources/Parsing/Scanner.FlowKey.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f49b0d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Sources/Parsing/Scanner.FlowKey.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+extension PureYAML.Parsing.Scanner {
+    /// Emits the implicit-key marker before a block-level flow collection that a `: ` follows, so the
+    /// flow node is parsed as a mapping key (e.g. `[a, b]: value`) through the same path a scalar key
+    /// takes. Skipped inside a flow context, after a mapping value already on the line (block style
+    /// allows one pair per line), and under a pending explicit `?` key, which marks its own key.
+    func appendFlowImplicitKeyMarkerIfNeeded(state: inout State) {
+        guard state.flowDepth == 0, !state.sawMappingValueOnLine, !state.pendingExplicitKey,
+              flowCollectionIsImplicitKey(state: state)
+        else {
+            return
+        }
+        let mark = state.reader.mark
+        state.append(.mappingKey, mark: mark, endMark: mark)
+    }
+
+    /// Looks ahead from a block-level flow collection opener (`[` or `{`) to decide whether the whole
+    /// collection is an implicit mapping key: a flow node immediately followed by a `: ` mapping-value
+    /// indicator, e.g. `[a, b]: value` or `{a: 1}: value`. Quoted scalars are skipped so brackets and
+    /// colons inside them do not affect the nesting count, and the `:` must sit on the same line as
+    /// the close (only spaces between), since a block implicit key carries its `:` on its own line.
+    /// Returns false if the brackets do not balance before end of input.
+    func flowCollectionIsImplicitKey(state: State) -> Bool {
+        var depth = 0
+        var offset = 0
+        while let character = state.reader.peek(offset: offset) {
+            // A block implicit key must lie on a single line, so a flow collection that spans a line
+            // break (outside any quoted scalar) before its `:` cannot be one: `[23\n]: 42` is an error.
+            if isLineBreak(character) {
+                return false
+            }
+            switch character {
+            case "'":
+                offset = skipSingleQuotedLookahead(after: offset, state: state)
+            case "\"":
+                offset = skipDoubleQuotedLookahead(after: offset, state: state)
+            case "[", "{":
+                depth += 1
+                offset += 1
+            case "]", "}":
+                depth -= 1
+                offset += 1
+                guard depth > 0 else {
+                    while state.reader.peek(offset: offset) == " " {
+                        offset += 1
+                    }
+                    return state.reader.peek(offset: offset) == ":"
+                        && isBlockMappingValueBoundary(state.reader.peek(offset: offset + 1))
+                }
+            default:
+                offset += 1
+            }
+        }
+        return false
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the offset just past the closing `'` of a single-quoted scalar that opened at `open`,
+    /// treating a doubled `''` as an escaped quote rather than a close.
+    private func skipSingleQuotedLookahead(after open: Int, state: State) -> Int {
+        var offset = open + 1
+        while let character = state.reader.peek(offset: offset) {
+            if character == "'" {
+                if state.reader.peek(offset: offset + 1) == "'" {
+                    offset += 2
+                    continue
+                }
+                return offset + 1
+            }
+            offset += 1
+        }
+        return offset
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the offset just past the closing `"` of a double-quoted scalar that opened at `open`,
+    /// skipping `\`-escaped characters so an escaped quote does not end the scan early.
+    private func skipDoubleQuotedLookahead(after open: Int, state: State) -> Int {
+        var offset = open + 1
+        while let character = state.reader.peek(offset: offset) {
+            if character == "\\" {
+                offset += 2
+                continue
+            }
+            if character == "\"" {
+                return offset + 1
+            }
+            offset += 1
+        }
+        return offset
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Sources/Parsing/Scanner.swift b/Sources/Parsing/Scanner.swift
index 5998d55..d161cac 100644
--- a/Sources/Parsing/Scanner.swift
+++ b/Sources/Parsing/Scanner.swift
@@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ extension PureYAML.Parsing.Scanner {
     ) -> Bool {
         switch character {
         case "[":
+            appendFlowImplicitKeyMarkerIfNeeded(state: &state)
             state.flowDepth += 1
             state.flowContexts.append(.init(kind: .sequence, isExpectingKey: false))
             scanFixedToken(.flowSequenceStart, state: &state)
@@ -266,6 +267,7 @@ extension PureYAML.Parsing.Scanner {
             }
             return true
         case "{":
+            appendFlowImplicitKeyMarkerIfNeeded(state: &state)
             state.flowDepth += 1
             state.flowContexts.append(.init(kind: .mapping, isExpectingKey: true))
             scanFixedToken(.flowMappingStart, state: &state)
diff --git a/Tests/FlowCollectionAsMappingKeyTests.swift b/Tests/FlowCollectionAsMappingKeyTests.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..455b5c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/FlowCollectionAsMappingKeyTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+@testable import PureYAML
+import Testing
+
+/// A flow collection followed by a `: ` indicator on the same line is an implicit block mapping key,
+/// e.g. `[a, b]: value` or `{a: 1}: value`. The scanner detects this by looking ahead from the flow
+/// opener to the matching close and emits the same implicit-key marker a scalar key gets, so the flow
+/// node is parsed as the key through the ordinary mapping path. A block implicit key must lie on one
+/// line, so a flow collection spanning a line break before its `:` is not a key and stays an error.
+@Suite("Flow collection as mapping key")
+struct FlowCollectionAsMappingKeyTests {
+    @Test("A flow sequence before a colon is a mapping key")
+    func test_flowSequenceKey() throws {
+        #expect(try PureYAML.parse("[a, b]: c\n") == .mapping(.init([
+            .init(keyNode: .sequence([.string("a"), .string("b")]), value: .string("c")),
+        ])))
+    }
+
+    @Test("A flow mapping before a colon is a mapping key")
+    func test_flowMappingKey() throws {
+        #expect(try PureYAML.parse("{a: 1}: b\n") == .mapping(.init([
+            .init(keyNode: .mapping(.init([.init(key: "a", value: .int(1))])), value: .string("b")),
+        ])))
+    }
+
+    @Test("A colon inside a quoted scalar in the flow key does not end the lookahead early")
+    func test_quotedColonInsideKey() throws {
+        #expect(try PureYAML.parse("['x: y']: z\n") == .mapping(.init([
+            .init(keyNode: .sequence([.string("x: y")]), value: .string("z")),
+        ])))
+    }
+
+    @Test("A flow node not followed by a colon stays an ordinary node, not a key")
+    func test_flowNodeWithoutColonIsNotAKey() throws {
+        #expect(try PureYAML.parse("[a, b, c]\n") == .sequence([.string("a"), .string("b"), .string("c")]))
+        #expect(try PureYAML.parse("key: [a, b]\n") == .mapping(.init([
+            .init(key: "key", value: .sequence([.string("a"), .string("b")])),
+        ])))
+    }
+
+    @Test("A flow collection spanning a line break before its colon is not a valid key")
+    func test_multilineFlowKeyRejected() {
+        // The flow sequence runs across two lines, so it cannot be a single-line implicit key.
+        #expect(throws: PureYAML.Parsing.ParseError.self) {
+            try PureYAML.parse("[23\n]: 42\n")
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test("A colon without a following space is not a mapping value, so the flow node is not a key")
+    func test_colonWithoutSpaceIsNotAKey() {
+        #expect(throws: PureYAML.Parsing.ParseError.self) {
+            try PureYAML.parse("[a]:b\n")
+        }
+    }
+}