diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 032535c..cce051a 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -9,6 +9,12 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ### Added
 
+- Serialization option parity for the XML declaration (the libxml2 save-option
+  model). `PureXML.Emitting.Options` gains `includeXMLDeclaration`, `xmlVersion`,
+  `encodingName`, and `standalone`; when requested, both the tree serializer and
+  the incremental writer prepend an `<?xml ...?>` declaration from a single shared
+  computation. `Writer.writeStartDocument()` emits it. Defaults stay off so
+  fragment output is unchanged.
 - Spec-exact XML character classification (`PureXML.Parsing.XMLCharacter`, the
   libxml2 `chvalid.h` parity): the XML 1.0 (Fifth Edition) `Char`,
   `NameStartChar`, and `NameChar` productions as public predicates over Unicode
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 2e91349..1ece76e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ flowchart TB
   TreeApi["#31 Tree manipulation API"]:::epic
   Writer["#32 xmlTextWriter"]:::done
   Reader["#33 xmlTextReader with validation"]:::epic
-  Save["#34 Serialization option parity"]:::epic
+  Save["#34 Serialization option parity"]:::done
   Chars["#35 Character and name validity"]:::done
   Core --> Push
   Core --> Sax
diff --git a/Sources/Emitting/Options.swift b/Sources/Emitting/Options.swift
index a2932fb..ebaee59 100644
--- a/Sources/Emitting/Options.swift
+++ b/Sources/Emitting/Options.swift
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 public extension PureXML.Emitting {
     /// Explicit emitter options. The default is pretty-printed output with
-    /// two-space indentation and a self-closing tag for empty elements.
+    /// two-space indentation and a self-closing tag for empty elements, and no
+    /// XML declaration.
     struct Options: Equatable, Hashable, Sendable {
         /// Whether to indent nested elements onto their own lines.
         public var prettyPrint: Bool
@@ -8,15 +9,32 @@ public extension PureXML.Emitting {
         public var indent: String
         /// Whether childless elements collapse to `<name/>`.
         public var selfCloseEmptyElements: Bool
+        /// Whether to emit an `<?xml ...?>` declaration (libxml2 emits one by
+        /// default when saving a document; PureXML defaults to off for fragments).
+        public var includeXMLDeclaration: Bool
+        /// The version written in the declaration.
+        public var xmlVersion: String
+        /// The encoding name written in the declaration, or nil to omit it.
+        public var encodingName: String?
+        /// The `standalone` flag written in the declaration, or nil to omit it.
+        public var standalone: Bool?
 
         public init(
             prettyPrint: Bool = true,
             indent: String = "  ",
             selfCloseEmptyElements: Bool = true,
+            includeXMLDeclaration: Bool = false,
+            xmlVersion: String = "1.0",
+            encodingName: String? = "UTF-8",
+            standalone: Bool? = nil,
         ) {
             self.prettyPrint = prettyPrint
             self.indent = indent
             self.selfCloseEmptyElements = selfCloseEmptyElements
+            self.includeXMLDeclaration = includeXMLDeclaration
+            self.xmlVersion = xmlVersion
+            self.encodingName = encodingName
+            self.standalone = standalone
         }
 
         /// Pretty-printed output with two-space indentation.
@@ -24,5 +42,18 @@ public extension PureXML.Emitting {
 
         /// Single-line output with no inserted whitespace.
         public static let compact = Options(prettyPrint: false)
+
+        /// The `<?xml ...?>` declaration string, or nil when not requested.
+        var xmlDeclaration: String? {
+            guard includeXMLDeclaration else { return nil }
+            var declaration = "<?xml version=\"\(xmlVersion)\""
+            if let encodingName {
+                declaration += " encoding=\"\(encodingName)\""
+            }
+            if let standalone {
+                declaration += " standalone=\"\(standalone ? "yes" : "no")\""
+            }
+            return declaration + "?>"
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Sources/Emitting/Serializer.swift b/Sources/Emitting/Serializer.swift
index 883a853..768c4e3 100644
--- a/Sources/Emitting/Serializer.swift
+++ b/Sources/Emitting/Serializer.swift
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ public extension PureXML.Emitting {
         /// Serializes a node into an XML string.
         public func serialize(_ node: PureXML.Model.Node) -> String {
             var output = ""
+            if let declaration = options.xmlDeclaration {
+                output += declaration + "\n"
+            }
             var stack: [SerializeStep] = [.node(node, 0, options.prettyPrint)]
             while let step = stack.popLast() {
                 switch step {
diff --git a/Sources/Emitting/Writer.swift b/Sources/Emitting/Writer.swift
index e89509f..782e8fc 100644
--- a/Sources/Emitting/Writer.swift
+++ b/Sources/Emitting/Writer.swift
@@ -29,6 +29,14 @@ public extension PureXML.Emitting {
             self.options = options
         }
 
+        /// Emits the XML declaration if the options request one. Call before the
+        /// root element; a no-op when `includeXMLDeclaration` is off.
+        public mutating func writeStartDocument() {
+            if let declaration = options.xmlDeclaration {
+                output += declaration + "\n"
+            }
+        }
+
         /// Opens an element. Attributes may follow until any content or close.
         public mutating func writeStartElement(_ name: String) {
             closeStartTag()
diff --git a/Tests/SaveOptionsTests.swift b/Tests/SaveOptionsTests.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f5261c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/SaveOptionsTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+@testable import PureXML
+import Testing
+
+@Suite("Save options")
+struct SaveOptionsTests {
+    @Test("The serializer emits the XML declaration when requested")
+    func test_declaration() {
+        let options = PureXML.Emitting.Options(prettyPrint: false, includeXMLDeclaration: true)
+        let xml = PureXML.serialize(.element(.init("r")), options: options)
+        #expect(xml == "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<r/>")
+    }
+
+    @Test("No declaration is emitted by default")
+    func test_noDeclarationByDefault() {
+        #expect(PureXML.serialize(.element(.init("r")), options: .compact) == "<r/>")
+    }
+
+    @Test("Standalone and an omitted encoding are honored")
+    func test_declarationVariants() {
+        let options = PureXML.Emitting.Options(
+            prettyPrint: false,
+            includeXMLDeclaration: true,
+            encodingName: nil,
+            standalone: true,
+        )
+        let xml = PureXML.serialize(.element(.init("r")), options: options)
+        #expect(xml == "<?xml version=\"1.0\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<r/>")
+    }
+
+    @Test("The writer emits the declaration via writeStartDocument")
+    func test_writerDeclaration() {
+        var writer = PureXML.Emitting.Writer(options: .init(prettyPrint: false, includeXMLDeclaration: true))
+        writer.writeStartDocument()
+        writer.writeStartElement("r")
+        writer.writeEndElement()
+        #expect(writer.output == "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<r/>")
+    }
+}